important options:

-m: use a hash type to crack.

* Hash types:

     0 = MD5
    10 = md5($pass.$salt)
    20 = md5($salt.$pass)
    30 = md5(unicode($pass).$salt)
    40 = md5($salt.unicode($pass))
    50 = HMAC-MD5 (key = $pass)
    60 = HMAC-MD5 (key = $salt)
   100 = SHA1
   110 = sha1($pass.$salt)
   120 = sha1($salt.$pass)
   130 = sha1(unicode($pass).$salt)
   140 = sha1($salt.unicode($pass))
   150 = HMAC-SHA1 (key = $pass)
   160 = HMAC-SHA1 (key = $salt)
   200 = MySQL323
   300 = MySQL4.1/MySQL5
   400 = phpass, MD5(WordPress), MD5(phpBB3), MD5(Joomla)
   500 = md5crypt, MD5(Unix), FreeBSD MD5, Cisco-IOS MD5
   900 = MD4
  1000 = NTLM
  1100 = Domain Cached Credentials (DCC), MS Cache
  1400 = SHA256
  1410 = sha256($pass.$salt)
  1420 = sha256($salt.$pass)
  1430 = sha256(unicode($pass).$salt)
  1431 = base64(sha256(unicode($pass)))
  1440 = sha256($salt.unicode($pass))
  1450 = HMAC-SHA256 (key = $pass)
  1460 = HMAC-SHA256 (key = $salt)
  1600 = md5apr1, MD5(APR), Apache MD5
  1700 = SHA512
  1710 = sha512($pass.$salt)
  1720 = sha512($salt.$pass)
  1730 = sha512(unicode($pass).$salt)
  1740 = sha512($salt.unicode($pass))
  1750 = HMAC-SHA512 (key = $pass)
  1760 = HMAC-SHA512 (key = $salt)
  1800 = SHA-512(Unix)
  2400 = Cisco-PIX MD5
  2410 = Cisco-ASA MD5
  2500 = WPA/WPA2
  2600 = Double MD5
  3200 = bcrypt, Blowfish(OpenBSD)
  3300 = MD5(Sun)
  3500 = md5(md5(md5($pass)))
  3610 = md5(md5($salt).$pass)
  3710 = md5($salt.md5($pass))
  3720 = md5($pass.md5($salt))
  3800 = md5($salt.$pass.$salt)
  3910 = md5(md5($pass).md5($salt))
  4010 = md5($salt.md5($salt.$pass))
  4110 = md5($salt.md5($pass.$salt))
  4210 = md5($username.0.$pass)
  4300 = md5(strtoupper(md5($pass)))
  4400 = md5(sha1($pass))
  4500 = Double SHA1
  4600 = sha1(sha1(sha1($pass)))
  4700 = sha1(md5($pass))
  4800 = MD5(Chap), iSCSI CHAP authentication
  4900 = sha1($salt.$pass.$salt)
  5000 = SHA-3(Keccak)
  5100 = Half MD5
  5200 = Password Safe SHA-256
  5300 = IKE-PSK MD5
  5400 = IKE-PSK SHA1
  5500 = NetNTLMv1-VANILLA / NetNTLMv1-ESS
  5600 = NetNTLMv2
  5700 = Cisco-IOS SHA256
  5800 = Android PIN
  6300 = AIX {smd5}
  6400 = AIX {ssha256}
  6500 = AIX {ssha512}
  6700 = AIX {ssha1}
  6900 = GOST, GOST R 34.11-94
  7000 = Fortigate (FortiOS)
  7100 = OS X v10.8+
  7200 = GRUB 2
  7300 = IPMI2 RAKP HMAC-SHA1
  7400 = sha256crypt, SHA256(Unix)
  7900 = Drupal7
  8400 = WBB3, Woltlab Burning Board 3
  8900 = scrypt
  9200 = Cisco $8$
  9300 = Cisco $9$
  9800 = Radmin2
 10000 = Django (PBKDF2-SHA256)
 10200 = Cram MD5
 10300 = SAP CODVN H (PWDSALTEDHASH) iSSHA-1
 11000 = PrestaShop
 11100 = PostgreSQL Challenge-Response Authentication (MD5)
 11200 = MySQL Challenge-Response Authentication (SHA1)
 11400 = SIP digest authentication (MD5)
 99999 = Plaintext

* Specific hash types:

   11 = Joomla < 2.5.18
   12 = PostgreSQL
   21 = osCommerce, xt:Commerce
   23 = Skype
  101 = nsldap, SHA-1(Base64), Netscape LDAP SHA
  111 = nsldaps, SSHA-1(Base64), Netscape LDAP SSHA
  112 = Oracle S: Type (Oracle 11+)
  121 = SMF > v1.1
  122 = OS X v10.4, v10.5, v10.6
  123 = EPi
  124 = Django (SHA-1)
  131 = MSSQL(2000)
  132 = MSSQL(2005)
  133 = PeopleSoft
  141 = EPiServer 6.x < v4
 1421 = hMailServer
 1441 = EPiServer 6.x > v4
 1711 = SSHA-512(Base64), LDAP {SSHA512}
 1722 = OS X v10.7
 1731 = MSSQL(2012 & 2014)
 2611 = vBulletin < v3.8.5
 2612 = PHPS
 2711 = vBulletin > v3.8.5
 2811 = IPB2+, MyBB1.2+
 3711 = Mediawiki B type
 3721 = WebEdition CMS
 7600 = Redmine Project Management Web App

-a:attack mode

* Attack modes:

    0 = Straight
    1 = Combination
    2 = Toggle-Case
    3 = Brute-force
    4 = Permutation
    5 = Table-Lookup
    8 = Prince

1. straight. just use what there is in the wordlist.If you don’t have capital letter in the wordlist and the
password has it, you may can not crack it.
2. combination: change the
-r: rule file, with extention.rule.updatedb to update the search database.
then use locate *.rule
combinator.rule:can be used to identify the habbit such as subtitution ( use 9 as g, @ as a,etc).

Then use hashcat -m 0 -a 1 path/hash_file.txt word_list
-can use deduper to remote duplicated word in the word list.